KODI NDINGAPEZE KUTI MAPINGWI A PIston Otchipa Ogulitsa KU KENYA

Pistoni imakhala ngati mapeto osunthika a chipinda choyaka moto. Kutembenuka kwa mphamvu yotentha kukhala ntchito yamakina ndi mosemphanitsa kumayendetsedwa ndi pisitoni. Choncho ma pistoni ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la injini zotentha. Chifukwa cha matenthedwe ake abwino komanso opepuka, aloyi wa aluminiyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kupanga ma pistoni.

Zina mwazinthu zazikulu za pisitoni ndi monga mutu wa pisitoni, piston pin bore, piston pin, skirt, ring grooves, ring land, ndi mphete za pistoni.

Piston mutu

Apa ndiye pamwamba pa pisitoni ndipo panthawi yomwe injini imagwira ntchito, imakhala ndi zovuta komanso kutentha kwambiri.

Piston yoboola

Ndi dzenje lomwe lili m'mbali mwa pisitoni ndipo limafanana ndi momwe pisitoni imayendera. Kambali kakang'ono ka ndodo yolumikizira kamalumikizana ndi pisitoni kudzera pa phazi lotchedwa piston. Mbali ya pisitoni yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi crankshaft, yotchedwa siketi, imathandiza kuti pisitoni ikhale yowongoka pamene ikudutsa pabowo la silinda. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa pistoni komanso kulola malo opangira ma crankshaft counterweights, masiketi ena amakhala ndi mbiri yawo.

Grooves

Mphete ya pisitoni imayikidwa m'malo ndi dera lokhazikika lotchedwa ring groove lomwe limazungulira m'mphepete mwa pisitoniyo. Mbali ziwiri zofananira za ring groove zomwe zimadziwika kuti "ring lands" zimakhala ngati malo osindikizira mphete ya pisitoni. Mphete yong'ambika yomwe imadziwika kuti mphete ya pistoni imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti isindikize pakati pa pisitoni ndi khoma la silinda. Chitsulo chachitsulo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri kupanga mphete za pistoni. Pansi pa kutentha, kupsinjika, ndi mphamvu zina zosunthika, chitsulo choponyedwa chimasunga kukhulupirika kwa mawonekedwe ake oyamba. Mphete za pistoni zimabwezera mafuta ku crankcase, sinthani kutentha kuchokera pa pistoni kupita pakhoma la silinda, ndikusindikiza chipinda choyaka. Mapangidwe a injini ndi zinthu za silinda zimakhudza kukula ndi kapangidwe ka mphete za pistoni.

Mphete za Piston

Thecompression mphete,wiper mphete,ndimphete ya mafuta ndi mitundu itatu ya mphete za pistoni zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi mumainjini ang'onoang'ono. Mphete ya pisitoni yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa mphete yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi mutu wa pisitoni imadziwika kuti acompression mphete. Mphete yopondereza imalepheretsa kutayikira kulikonse muchipinda choyaka. Pistoni imakakamizika kulowera ku crankshaft pamene kuphatikiza kwamafuta a mpweya kumayaka chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa ndi mpweya woyaka womwe ukugwiritsidwa ntchito pamutu wa pisitoni. Mipweya yopanikizidwa imadutsa mumphepete mwa mphete ya pistoni ikadutsa pakati pa khoma la silinda ndi pisitoni. Mphete ya pistoni imakakamizika motsutsana ndi khoma la silinda ndi kukakamizidwa kwa gasi woyaka kuti apange chisindikizo. Kuthamanga kwa mphete ya pisitoni kumayenderana mosagwirizana ndi mphamvu ya mpweya woyaka.

Mphete ya pisitoni yokhala ndi nkhope yopindika yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa mphete pakati pa mphete yamafuta ndi mphete yamafuta imadziwika kuti mphete yopukutira. Wiper mphete imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti asindikize bwino chipinda choyaka moto ndikuchotsa mafuta owonjezera pakhoma la silinda. Wiper mphete imayimitsa mpweya woyaka kuti usadutse pafupi ndi mphete yokakamiza.

Mphete ya pistoni yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa mphete yomwe ili pafupi ndi crankcase imadziwika kuti mphete yamafuta. Pakuyenda kwa pisitoni, mphete yamafuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa mafuta owonjezera pakhoma la silinda. Kudzera m'mabowo a mphete, mafuta owonjezera amabwezeretsedwa kumalo osungiramo mafuta a injini. Chifukwa chakuti mafuta amaperekedwa ndi kuphatikiza mafuta ndi mafuta, injini ziwiri zozungulira sizifuna mphete zamafuta. Chipinda choyaka moto chimasindikizidwa ndi mphete za pistoni, zomwe zimatengeranso kutentha ku khoma la silinda ndikuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Chipinda choyaka moto chimasindikizidwa ndi mphete ya pistoni pansi pa mphamvu zonse zachilengedwe komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutengera masanjidwe ndi mawonekedwe azinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kukakamiza kwachilengedwe ndi mphamvu yamkati yamasika yomwe imapangitsa kuti mphete ya pistoni ikule. Kuti muchepetse kukula kwa mphete ya pistoni chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa kwachilengedwe, mphamvu yayikulu imafunika. Danga pakati pa mphete za pistoni zaulere kapena zosakanizidwa zimatsimikizira kupanikizika komwe kumachitika. Phokoso la mphete ya pisitoni yaulere ndikulekanitsa pakati pa mbali ziwiri za mphete ya pistoni pomwe sidafinyidwa. Nthawi zambiri, mphete ya pisitoni ikamachita mwamphamvu kwambiri ikafinyidwa mu cylinder bore, mpata wa mphete ya pistoni umakulirakulira.

Kuti chisindikizo chogwira ntchito, mphete ya pistoni ipereke mawonekedwe ofanana komanso abwino pakati pa khoma la silinda ndi pamwamba pake. Kuthamanga kwapakati kwa mphete ya piston ndi komwe kumapangitsa kuti ma radial agwirizane. Kuphatikiza apo, mphete ya pisitoni iyenera kutsekereza malo a mphete ya pistoni.

Mphete ya pistoni imatseka chipinda choyaka moto ndi kukakamiza kogwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera pa kukakamiza komwe kulipo kale. Mphete ya pisitoni imakula chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa kogwiritsidwa ntchito, komwe ndiko kukakamiza komwe mpweya woyaka umagwira. Mphepete mwachitsulo yotsutsana ndi malo othamanga imatha kuwoneka pa mphete za pistoni. Kupanikizika kwa gasi woyaka kukakhala kulibe, m'mphepete mwaphokosoyi kumapangitsa kuti mphete ya pistoni izungulire.

Kupanikizika kwa khoma la cylinder ndi gawo lina la mapangidwe a mphete ya pistoni kuti muganizire. Kupanikizika kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumatengera mawonekedwe a mpweya woyaka, kusiyana kwa mphete ya pistoni, komanso kusinthasintha kwa mphete ya piston. Cast iron ndiye chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mphete za pisitoni ku Briggs& Ma injini a Stratton. Chitsulo chotayira chizolowera khoma la silinda mosavuta. Chitsulo chotayira chikhozanso kukhala ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera kuti ziwonjezere moyo wake. Chitsulo chotayira chimapunduka mosavuta, motero kusamala kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwira mphete za pistoni. Mphete yopondereza, mphete yopukutira, ndi mphete yamafuta ndi mitundu itatu ya mphete za pistoni zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi mumainjini ang'onoang'ono.

Compression mphete

Monga pamwamba kapena mphete yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi mpweya woyaka, mphete yoponderezedwa imakhala ndi dzimbiri la mankhwala ndipo imagwira ntchito pa kutentha kwambiri. 70% ya kutentha kuchokera ku chipinda choyaka moto amasamutsidwa kuchokera ku pistoni kupita ku khoma la silinda kudzera mu mphete yoponderezedwa. Compression mphete pa Briggs& Ma injini a Stratton nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mbiya kapena taper. Mphete ya pisitoni yothamanga yomwe imakhala ndi ngodya yozungulira pafupifupi 1 ° imadziwika kuti mphete yolumikizirana. Pofuna kupewa mafuta owonjezera kuti asalowe m'chipinda choyaka moto, taper iyi imapereka kupukuta pang'ono.

Mphete ya pisitoni yokhala ndi mphete yopingasa yoyang'anizana ndi mbiya imakhala ndi malo okhotakhota kuti ipangitse mafuta nthawi zonse pakhoma la pistoni ndi silinda. Kuphatikiza apo, zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphero kuti apititse patsogolo kugawa kwamafuta pamtundu wonse wa piston. Malo okhotakhota amachepetsanso mwayi wa kuwonongeka kwa filimu yamafuta chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa kwambiri m'mphepete mwa mphete kapena kupindika kwa pistoni kwambiri panthawi yogwira ntchito.

Wiper mphete

Mphete yotsatira ya pisitoni kuchokera kumutu kwa silinda ndi mphete yopukutira, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti scraper ring, Napier ring, kapena mphete yosindikizira. Kuthamanga kwa mphete ya compression kumapangidwa ndi mafuta osanjikiza omwe amakhala ndi makulidwe osalekeza chifukwa cha mphete ya wiper. Mu Briggs& Injini za Stratton, mphete zopukutira nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi nkhope yokhala ndi ngodya ya taper. Pamene pisitoni ikupita ku crankshaft, ngodya yokhotakhota, yomwe ili pafupi ndi malo osungiramo mafuta, imapukuta pamwamba. Mphete yamafuta ndi ngodya ya taper imalumikizana, ndikuwongolera mafuta ena aliwonse pakhoma la silinda kubwerera kumalo osungiramo mafuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta mopitirira muyeso kumachitika pamene mphete yopukuta yayikidwa molakwika, ndi ngodya yopendekera yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi mpheteyo. Mafuta ochulukirapo amapukutidwa kupita kuchipinda choyaka ndi mphete ya wiper, yomwe ndi gwero la izi.

Mphete ya Mafuta

Njanji ziwiri zoonda kapena zothamanga zimapanga mphete yamafuta. Pakatikati pa mpheteyo imakhala ndi mabowo kapena mipata yomwe imalola kuti mafuta owonjezera abwerere munkhokwe yamafuta. Makhalidwe onsewa nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa mu mphete zamafuta amodzi. Chowonjezera kasupe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphete zina zamafuta kuti zipangitse kukakamiza kokulirapo pa mphete ya pistoni. Izi zimakweza kukakamiza komwe kumachitika pakhoma la silinda (kuyesa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi malo othamanga). Pa mphete zitatu za pisitoni, mphete yamafuta imakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri. M'ma Briggs ena& Injini za Stratton, chowonjezera, njanji ziwiri, ndi mphete yamafuta yamagulu atatu amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pambali iliyonse ya chowonjezerapo pali mphete zamafuta. Wowonjezera nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mabowo angapo kapena mazenera omwe amalola kuti mafuta abwezedwe pamphepete mwa mphete ya pistoni. Kuthamanga kwa mphete ya pistoni, kupanikizika kowonjezera, komanso kuthamanga kwapamwamba komwe kumatheka chifukwa cha njira yopapatiza ya njanji zoonda zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphete yamafuta. Popeza pisitoni imagwira ntchito ngati malekezero osunthika a chipinda choyaka moto, iyenera kulekerera kusintha kwamphamvu, kupsinjika kwa kutentha, ndi kupsinjika kwa makina. Kutalika kwa nthawi komanso kugwira ntchito kwa injini kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu komanso kapangidwe ka ma pistoni. Aluminiyamu alloy nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira ma pistoni oponyera kapena mphamvu yokoka. Cast aluminium alloy ndiyotsika mtengo kupanga, yopepuka, ndipo imakhala ndi kukhulupirika kwadongosolo. Chifukwa cha kulemera kochepa kwa aluminiyumu, misa yambiri ndi mphamvu zimafunika kuti muyambitse ndi kusunga piston. Chotsatira chake, pisitoni imatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kuyaka kuyendetsa ntchitoyo. Mapangidwe a piston amamangidwa pazabwino komanso kusinthanitsa kuti apeze injini yabwino kwambiri.