Ndife akatswiri pazigawo za injini zapamwamba kwambiri.
Chilankhulo
Crankshaft ndiye gawo lofunika kwambiri la injini. Zimatengera mphamvu kuchokera ku ndodo zolumikizira ndikuzisintha kukhala torque, zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndi crankshaft ndikuyendetsa zida zina pa injini kuti zigwire ntchito.
Crankshaft imayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yophatikizika ya centrifugal mphamvu yozungulira, kusintha kwakanthawi kwa gasi inertia mphamvu ndi kubwereza mphamvu ya inertia, kotero kuti crankshaft imanyamula ntchito yopindika ndi torsional katundu.
Chifukwa chake, crankshaft imafunika kuti ikhale ndi mphamvu zokwanira komanso zolimba, ndipo pamwamba pa magaziniyi iyenera kukhala yosagwira ntchito, yogwira ntchito yofananira komanso yolinganiza bwino.
Crankshaft ndiye gawo lalikulu lozungulira la injini. Pambuyo poyika ndodo yolumikizira, kusuntha kwa mmwamba ndi pansi (kubwereza) kwa ndodo yolumikizira kungavomerezedwe mumayendedwe ozungulira (ozungulira).
Zochita za crankshaft
Crankshaft ndiye gawo lofunika kwambiri la injini. Zimatengera mphamvu kuchokera ku ndodo zolumikizira ndikuzisintha kukhala torque, zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndi crankshaft ndikuyendetsa zida zina pa injini kuti zigwire ntchito.
Crankshaft imayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yophatikizika ya centrifugal mphamvu yozungulira, kusintha kwakanthawi kwa gasi inertia mphamvu ndi kubwereza mphamvu ya inertia, kotero kuti crankshaft imanyamula ntchito yopindika ndi torsional katundu.
Chifukwa chake, crankshaft imafunika kuti ikhale ndi mphamvu zokwanira komanso zolimba, ndipo pamwamba pa magaziniyi iyenera kukhala yosagwira ntchito, yogwira ntchito yofananira komanso yolinganiza bwino.
Crankshaft ndiye gawo lalikulu lozungulira la injini. Pambuyo poyika ndodo yolumikizira, kusuntha kwa mmwamba ndi pansi (kubwereza) kwa ndodo yolumikizira kungavomerezedwe mumayendedwe ozungulira (ozungulira).
Kupanga kwa crankshaft
Crankshaft imapangidwa makamaka ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi mpweya kapena chitsulo cha nodular, pali zigawo ziwiri zofunika: khosi la spindle, khosi lolumikizira ndodo. Khosi lalikulu la shaft limayikidwa pa cylinder block, ndodo yolumikizira khosi imalumikizidwa ndi dzenje lalikulu la mutu wa ndodo yolumikizira, ndipo dzenje laling'ono la ndodo yolumikizira limalumikizidwa ndi cylinder piston. Ndi njira yosinthira crank slider.
Mafuta a Crankshaft makamaka amatanthauza kudzoza kwa ndodo yolumikizira mutu waukulu wokhala ndi chitsamba ndi khosi lolumikizira ndodo ndi mfundo ziwiri zokhazikika. Kuzungulira kwa crankshaft ndiye gwero lamphamvu la injini ndi gwero lamphamvu yamakina onse.
Momwe crankshaft imagwirira ntchito
Crankshaft ndi imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino komanso zofunika kwambiri mu injini. Imanyamula mphamvu kuchokera ku ndodo yolumikizira, ndikuisintha kukhala torque kudzera pa crankshaft ndikuyendetsa zida zina pa injiniyo kuti zigwire ntchito, ndikuyendetsa zida zothandizira za injini yoyaka mkati kuti zigwire ntchito.
Crankshaft imayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yophatikizika ya centrifugal mphamvu yozungulira, kusintha kwakanthawi kwa gasi inertia mphamvu ndi kubwereza mphamvu ya inertia, kotero kuti crankshaft imanyamula ntchito yopindika ndi torsional katundu.
Crankshaft processing Technology
Crankshaft spindle khosi ndi kulumikiza ndodo khosi kunja mphero processing
Pakukonza mbali za crankshaft, chifukwa cha chikoka cha kapangidwe ka mphero yodulira yokha, m'mphepete mwake ndi chogwirira ntchito nthawi zonse zimalumikizana pafupipafupi. Choncho, kusiyana kwa ulalo kumayendetsedwa mu dongosolo lonse lodulira la chida cha makina, zomwe zimachepetsa kugwedezeka komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi kusiyana kwa kayendedwe ka nthawi ya makina, potero kuwongolera kulondola kwa makina ndi moyo wautumiki wa chida.
Crankshaft spindle khosi ndi kulumikiza ndodo khosi akupera
Njira yotsatsira imatenga mzere wapakati wa khosi la spindle monga malo ozungulira, ndikumaliza kugaya kwa khosi la crankshaft lolumikiza ndodo motsatana (itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pogaya khosi la spindle) pomanga kamodzi. Nyuzipepala ya grinding rod imazindikiridwa ndi CNC yomwe imayang'anira chakudya cha gudumu lopera ndi kulumikizana kwa ma axis awiri a kayendetsedwe ka kasinthasintha ka workpiece kuti amalize kudyetsa crankshaft.
Njira yotsatirira imatengera kukumbatira kumodzi ndikumaliza ntchito yopera ya khosi la crankshaft spindle ndi kulumikiza khosi la ndodo motsatizana pa chopukusira cha CNC, chomwe chingachepetse mtengo wa zida, kuchepetsa mtengo wokonza, ndikuwongolera kulondola kwa makina ndi kupanga bwino.
Crankshaft spindle khosi ndi kulumikiza rod neck fillet makina ogubuduza
Kugwiritsa ntchito makina ogubuduza ndikuwongolera kutopa kwa crankshaft. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, moyo wa crankshaft wa chitsulo cha nodular cast ukhoza kuwonjezeka ndi 120% ~ 230% pambuyo pakugubuduzika kozungulira.
Moyo wa crankshaft wopangidwa ndi chitsulo ukhoza kuwonjezeka ndi 70% ~ 130% mutatha kugubuduza fillet. Mphamvu yozungulira yozungulira imachokera ku kuzungulira kwa crankshaft, komwe kumayendetsa chogudubuza mumutu wozungulira kuti chizungulire, ndipo kukakamiza kwa chogudubuza kumayendetsedwa ndi silinda yamafuta.
Kulephera kwa kutopa kofala kwa injini ya crankshaft ndikutopa kwachitsulo, kutanthauza kulephera kwa kutopa ndi kutopa kwapang'onopang'ono, choyambiriracho ndichotheka kuposa chomaliza. Ming'alu yopindika ya kutopa imayamba kuoneka mu nyuzipepala ya ndodo (pini ya crank) kapena ngodya yozungulira ya khosi la spindle, kenako imafika pamkono.
Kutopa kwa torsional ming'alu kumachitika pamabowo osapangidwa bwino amafuta kapena ngodya zozungulira, ndiyeno zimakula molunjika ku olamulira. Kulephera kutopa kwazitsulo ndi chifukwa cha kupsinjika kosinthika komwe kumasintha nthawi ndi nthawi. Kusanthula kwachiwerengero chakulephera kwa crankshaft kukuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi 80% amayamba chifukwa cha kutopa kopindika.
Chifukwa chachikulu cha crankshaft fracture
1. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kwanthawi yayitali, kuchulukirachulukira, kuchulukirachulukira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini igwire ntchito kwanthawi yayitali ndikuwotcha ngozi ya matailosi. Crankshaft idawonongeka kwambiri chifukwa chakupsa kwa injini.
2. Injini ikatha kukonzedwa, kutsitsa sikunadutse nthawi yothamanga, ndiko kuti, kuchulukirachulukira ndi kupitilira, ndipo injiniyo imakhala yodzaza kwa nthawi yayitali, kotero kuti crankshaft idutsa malire ovomerezeka.
3. Pokonza crankshaft, surfacing imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imawononga mphamvu ya crankshaft, ndipo cheke sichinachitike. Kusalinganika kumaposa muyezo, zomwe zimapangitsa injini kugwedezeka kwambiri ndikupangitsa kuti crankshaft iwonongeke.
4. Chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa msewu, galimotoyo imakhala yodzaza kwambiri komanso yowonjezereka, injini nthawi zambiri imathamanga mkati mwa torsional vibration yothamanga kwambiri, ndipo kulephera kwa shock absorber kungayambitsenso kuwonongeka kwa kutopa kwa torsional ndi kupasuka kwa crankshaft.
Zolemba za kukonza crankshaft
Pokonza crankshaft, crankshaft iyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala ngati pali ming'alu, kupindika, kupindika ndi zolakwika zina, komanso kuvala kwa chitsamba ndi ndodo yolumikizira ndodo, kuwonetsetsa kuti pakati pa khosi la spindle ndi tchire la spindle. , magazini ya ndodo yolumikizira ndi ndodo yolumikizira chitsamba ili mkati mwazololedwa.
Kuphulika kwa crankshaft kumachitika pakusinthana pakati pa mkono wa crank ndi magazini pangodya, komanso dzenje lamafuta m'magazini.
Kuyenda bwino kwa ma flywheel kuyenera kutsimikizidwa pokonza ndikuyika crankshaft.
Crankshaft iyenera kukonzedwanso pakachitika ngozi zazikulu monga kuwotcha matailosi ndi silinda ya ramming mu injini yoyaka moto.
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