Ndife akatswiri pazigawo za injini zapamwamba kwambiri.
Chilankhulo
Pistoni ya injini ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu mu injini. Amapanga gulu la pisitoni okhala ndi mphete za pisitoni, zikhomo za pistoni ndi magawo ena, ndikupanga chipinda choyaka moto chokhala ndi mutu wa silinda. Imanyamula mphamvu ya gasi ndikutumiza mphamvu ku crankshaft kudzera pa pistoni ndi ndodo zolumikizira, kuti amalize ntchito ya injini yoyaka mkati.
Pistoni ya injini ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu mu injini. Amapanga gulu la pisitoni okhala ndi mphete za pisitoni, zikhomo za pistoni ndi magawo ena, ndikupanga chipinda choyaka moto chokhala ndi mutu wa silinda. Imanyamula mphamvu ya gasi ndikutumiza mphamvu ku crankshaft kudzera pa pistoni ndi ndodo zolumikizira, kuti amalize ntchito ya injini yoyaka mkati.
Mphete ya pisitoni ndi mphete yachitsulo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito polowera mumtsinje wa piston. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mphete za pisitoni: mphete yamafuta ndi mphete yamafuta. Mphete yopondereza itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusindikiza kusakaniza kwa gasi woyaka muchipinda choyaka; Mphete yamafuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mafuta ochulukirapo pa silinda. Mphete ya pisitoni ndi mtundu wa mphete zotanuka zachitsulo zopindika zazikulu zakunja, zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa munjira ya annular yolingana ndi mbiri yake. Mphete ya pisitoni yobwerezabwereza komanso yozungulira imapanga chisindikizo pakati pa kuzungulira kwakunja kwa mphete ndi silinda ndi pakati pa mphete ndi mbali imodzi ya nkhokwe ya mphete kutengera kupanikizika kwa gasi kapena madzi.
Mapangidwe a pisitoni
Nthawi zambiri, piston ndi cylindrical. Malinga ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito komanso zofunikira za injini zosiyanasiyana, pisitoni yokha ili ndi zida zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, pisitoni imagawidwa m'magawo atatu: pamwamba, mutu ndi siketi.
Pamwamba pa pisitoni ndi gawo lalikulu la chipinda choyaka moto, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe osankhidwa a chipinda choyaka moto. Ma injini ambiri a petulo amagwiritsa ntchito ma pistoni apamwamba, omwe ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi malo ochepa omwe amayamwa kutentha. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala maenje osiyanasiyana pamwamba pa pisitoni ya injini ya dizilo, ndipo mawonekedwe awo enieni, malo ndi kukula kwake ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za mapangidwe osakaniza ndi kuyaka kwa injini ya dizilo.
Mutu wa pisitoni umatanthawuza pamwamba pa pisitoni ndi ring groove. Gawo lochokera pamwamba pa pisitoni mpaka pansi pa piston ring groove limatchedwa mutu wa pisitoni, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula mphamvu ya mpweya ndikuletsa kutuluka kwa mpweya Kutentha kumasamutsidwa ku khoma la silinda kupyolera mu mphete ya pistoni. Mutu wa pisitoni umadulidwa ndi ma ring grooves angapo kuti aike mphete ya pistoni. Pisitoni pamwamba pa injini ya petulo nthawi zambiri imatenga nsonga yathyathyathya kapena nsonga ya concave, kuti chipinda choyaka chizikhala chophatikizika.
Siketi ya pisitoni imatanthawuza mbali zonse pansi pa pisitoni mphete, yomwe imatchedwa siketi ya pistoni. Ntchito yake ndikuyesa kusunga pisitoni yowongoka poyenda mobwerezabwereza, ndiko kuti, gawo lowongolera la pisitoni.
Kufunika
Piston mphete ndiye chigawo chachikulu cha injini yamafuta. Imamaliza kusindikiza gasi wamafuta pamodzi ndi silinda, pisitoni, khoma la silinda, ndi zina zambiri. Pali mitundu iwiri ya injini zamagalimoto zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, injini za dizilo ndi mafuta. Chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana amafuta, mphete za pistoni zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizosiyananso. Mphete zoyambirira za pisitoni zidapangidwa ndi kuponyera, koma ndikupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, mphete zachitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri zidabadwa. Ndi kuwongolera kosalekeza kwa magwiridwe antchito a injini ndi zofunikira zachilengedwe, ntchito zosiyanasiyana zotsogola zapamwamba, monga kusungunuka, electroplating, chromium plating, nitriding ya gasi, kuyika thupi, zokutira pamwamba, mankhwala a Zinc manganese phosphating amathandizira kwambiri ntchito ya mphete za pistoni.
Piston mphete ntchito
Ntchito za mphete za pistoni zimaphatikizapo kusindikiza, kuwongolera mafuta (kuwongolera mafuta), kuwongolera kutentha (kutengera kutentha), ndi kutsogolera (thandizo). Kusindikiza: Kumatanthawuza kusindikiza gasi wamafuta, kuletsa gasi m'chipinda choyaka kuti asatayike kupita ku crankcase, kuwongolera kutuluka kwa gasi kuti lisachepera komanso kuwongolera kutentha. Kutuluka kwa mpweya sikungochepetsa mphamvu ya injini, komanso kuwononga mafuta, yomwe ndi ntchito yaikulu ya mphete ya gasi; Sinthani mafuta a injini (kuwongolera mafuta): chotsani mafuta owonjezera opaka pakhoma la silinda, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, tambani filimu yopyapyala yamafuta pakhoma la silinda kuti mutsimikizire kuti silinda, pistoni ndi mphete, ndizokwanira. ntchito yaikulu ya mphete ya mafuta. M'mainjini amakono othamanga kwambiri, chidwi chapadera chimaperekedwa ku ntchito ya mphete za pistoni pakuwongolera filimu yamafuta; Kutentha kwa pisitoni: Kutentha kwa pistoni kumatumizidwa ku liner ya silinda kudzera mu mphete ya pistoni, yomwe imagwira ntchito yoziziritsa. Malinga ndi deta yodalirika, 70 ~ 80% ya kutentha komwe kumalandira ndi korona wa pisitoni kumaperekedwa ku khoma la silinda kupyolera mu mphete ya pistoni ndikutaya; Thandizo: mphete ya pistoni imasunga pisitoni mu silinda, imalepheretsa pisitoni kuti isagwirizane ndi khoma la silinda, imatsimikizira kuyenda bwino kwa pisitoni, imachepetsa kukana kukangana, ndikuletsa pisitoni kuti isagwetse silinda. Nthawi zambiri, pisitoni ya injini yamafuta imatenga mphete ziwiri zamafuta ndi mphete imodzi yamafuta, pomwe injini ya dizilo nthawi zambiri imatenga mphete ziwiri zamafuta ndi mphete imodzi yamafuta.
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