Ndife akatswiri pazigawo za injini zapamwamba kwambiri.
Chilankhulo
Crankshaft ndiye gawo lalikulu lozungulira la injini. Pambuyo poyika ndodo yolumikizira, kusuntha kwa mmwamba ndi pansi (kubwereza) kwa ndodo yolumikizira kungavomerezedwe mumayendedwe ozungulira (ozungulira).
Ndi gawo lofunikira la injini. Amapangidwa ndi carbon structural iron kapena ductile iron. Lili ndi zigawo ziwiri zofunika: khosi lalikulu la shaft, khosi la ndodo (ndi zina).
Khosi lalikulu la shaft limayikidwa pa cylinder block, ndodo yolumikizira khosi imalumikizidwa ndi dzenje lalikulu la mutu wa ndodo yolumikizira, ndipo dzenje laling'ono la ndodo yolumikizira limalumikizidwa ndi cylinder piston. Ndi njira yosinthira crank slider.
Mafuta a Crankshaft makamaka amatanthauza kudzoza kwa ndodo yolumikizira mutu waukulu wokhala ndi chitsamba ndi khosi lolumikizira ndodo ndi mfundo ziwiri zokhazikika. Kuzungulira kwa crankshaft ndiye gwero lamphamvu la injini ndi gwero lamphamvu yamakina onse.
Crankshaft ntchito mfundo:
crankshaft ndi imodzi mwamagawo ofunikira komanso ofunikira mu injini, ntchito yake ndikutembenuza kukakamiza kwa gasi kuchokera ku ndodo yolumikizira pisitoni kukhala torque, monga mphamvu ndi ntchito yotulutsa, kuyendetsa makina ake ogwirira ntchito, ndikuyendetsa zida zothandizira injini yoyaka mkati. ntchito.
Ukadaulo waukadaulo wa Crankshaft:
Ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri ya crankshafts, zina za kapangidwe kake ndizosiyana, koma kachitidwe kake kamakhala kofanana.
Chiyambi cha ndondomeko yayikulu
1) Kutulutsa kwakunja kwa khosi la crankshaft spindle ndi khosi lolumikizira ndodo
▶ M'magawo a crankshaft, chifukwa cha chikoka cha chodulira chokhachokha, tsamba ndi chogwirira ntchito nthawi zonse chimakhala cholumikizana, kukhudza.
▶Choncho, dongosolo lonse lodulira la chida chowongolera chida cha makina, kuchepetsa kugwedezeka komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi chilolezo chakuyenda pamakina, potero kuwongolera kulondola kwa makina ndi moyo wautumiki wa chida.
2) Crankshaft spindle khosi ndi kulumikiza ndodo khosi akupera
▶ Njira yotsatsira imatenga mzere wapakati wa khosi la spindle monga pozungulira, ndipo imamaliza ntchito yopera ya crankshaft yolumikiza khosi motsatana (itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pogaya khosi la spindle) pomanga kamodzi. Nyuzipepala ya grinding rod imazindikiridwa ndi CNC yomwe imayang'anira chakudya cha gudumu lopera ndi kulumikizana kwa ma axis awiri a kayendetsedwe ka kasinthasintha ka workpiece kuti amalize kudyetsa crankshaft.
▶Njira yopera yotsatirira imagwiritsa ntchito kukumbatira kumodzi ndikumaliza ntchito yopera khosi la crankshaft spindle and rod rod khosi motsatizana pa chopukusira cha CNC, chomwe chingathe kuchepetsa mtengo wa zida, kuchepetsa mtengo wokonza, komanso kukonza makina olondola ndi kupanga bwino.
3) crankshaft spindle khosi ndi kulumikiza ndodo khosi fillet makina ogubuduza
▶Kugwiritsa ntchito makina ogudubuza ndikuwongolera kutopa kwa crankshaft. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, moyo wa crankshaft wa chitsulo cha nodular cast ukhoza kuwonjezeka ndi 120% ~ 230% pambuyo pakugubuduzika kozungulira. Moyo wa crankshaft wopangidwa ndi chitsulo ukhoza kuwonjezeka ndi 70% ~ 130% pambuyo pa roll rolling fillet.
▶ Mphamvu yozungulira ya kupanikizika imachokera ku kuzungulira kwa crankshaft, komwe kumayendetsa chogudubuza mumutu wa rola kuti chizungulire, ndipo kuthamanga kwa chogudubuza kumayendetsedwa ndi silinda yamafuta.
1.Kulephera kwa kutopa kofala kwa injini ya crankshaft ndikutopa kwachitsulo, kutanthauza kulephera kwa kutopa ndi kulephera kwa kutopa, choyambiriracho ndichotheka kuposa chomaliza.
2. Kupiringa ming'alu ya kutopa kumawonekera koyamba muzanjala yolumikizira ndodo (pini ya crank) kapena ngodya yozungulira ya khosi la spindle, ndiyeno imakula mpaka pamkono. Kutopa kwapang'onopang'ono kumachitika pamabowo amafuta osamangika bwino kapena ngodya zozungulira kenako kumapita kumtunda.
3.Kutopa kwachitsulo ndi chifukwa cha kupsinjika maganizo komwe kumasintha nthawi ndi nthawi. Kusanthula kwachiwerengero chakulephera kwa crankshaft kukuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi 80% amayamba chifukwa cha kutopa kopindika.
Chifukwa chachikulu cha crankshaft fracture
1）kuwonongeka kwa mafuta pambuyo pakugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali; Kuchulukirachulukira, kuchulukirachulukira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injiniyo igwire ntchito kwanthawi yayitali komanso kuchitika kwa ngozi yoyaka matailosi. Crankshaft idawonongeka kwambiri chifukwa cha kutentha kwa injini.
2）Injini ikatha kukonzedwa, kutsitsa sikunadutse nthawi yothamanga, ndiye kuti, kuchulukira ndikuchulukirachulukira, ndipo injiniyo imakhala yodzaza kwa nthawi yayitali, kotero kuti katundu wa crankshaft amapitilira malire ovomerezeka.
3）Pokonza crankshaft, kuwotcherera kotchinga kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga mphamvu ya crankshaft, ndipo cheke sichinachitike. Kusalinganika kumaposa muyezo, kumayambitsa kugwedezeka kwakukulu kwa injini ndikupangitsa kusweka kwa crankshaft.
4）Chifukwa cha zovuta zamsewu, galimoto komanso kulemetsa kwakukulu, injini nthawi zambiri imakhala mumzere wothamanga kwambiri wothamanga, kulephera kwamphamvu, kungayambitsenso kuwonongeka kwa crankshaft torsional vibration kutopa ndi kusweka.
Zolemba za kukonza crankshaft
1）Pokonza crankshaft, crankshaft iyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala ngati pali ming'alu, kupindika, kupindika ndi zolakwika zina, komanso kuvala kwa matailo a spindle ndi chitsamba cholumikizira ndodo, kuwonetsetsa kuti pakati pa khosi la spindle ndi matailosi opikuta. , magazini ya ndodo yolumikizira ndi ndodo yolumikizira chitsamba ili mkati mwazololedwa.
2）Mng'alu wa crankshaft nthawi zambiri umapezeka pakona yosinthira pakati pa mkono wa crank ndi magazini, komanso dzenje lamafuta mumagazini.
3）Mayendedwe oyendera ma flywheel ayenera kuwonetseredwa pokonza ndikuyika crankshaft.
4） Crankshaft iyenera kukonzedwanso bwino pambuyo pa ngozi zazikulu monga kuwotcha matailosi ndi masilindala opondera mu injini yoyaka moto.
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