Ndife akatswiri pazigawo za injini zapamwamba kwambiri.
Chilankhulo
Pampu yamafuta ndi chipangizo chomakina chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini kusuntha mafuta kupita kumalo osuntha monga kunyamula, camshaft, ndi pistons kuti asawonongeke ndi kung'ambika.
Ndi imodzi mwamagawo ofunikira a makina opangira mafuta omwe sayenera kulakwika kapena kuwonongeka kwina kudzachitika.
▶1D Tanthauzo la Pampu ya Mafuta
Pampu yamafuta ndi chipangizo chomakina chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini kusuntha mafuta kupita kumalo osuntha monga zonyamula, camshaft, ndi pistons kuti asawonongeke ndi kung'ambika kwa zigawozo. Ndi imodzi mwamagawo ofunikira a makina opangira mafuta omwe sayenera kulakwika kapena kuwonongeka kwina kudzachitika.
▶ Ntchito za mpope wamafuta pagalimoto ndi monga:
● Kusamutsa mafuta ku injini ya mbali zofunika za injiniyo mopanikizika.
● Kuchepetsa kuyenda kwa mafuta a injini kuzungulira injini.
● Amapereka njira yoyendetsera mafuta kudzera m'magalasi kupita kumadera osiyanasiyana.
●Amathandiza kubweza mafuta otenthawo ku mafuta ozizirira amene ali munkhokwe.
● Imasunga kayendedwe ka mafuta mkati mwa injini zosasintha.
▶ Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito
● Pampu yamafuta ndiyosapeŵeka mu injini yopaka mafuta chifukwa ma injini amafunikira kuthiridwa mafuta moyenera akamayenda. Pampu yamafuta nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyendetsedwa ndi giya kuchokera ku crankshaft yomwe imayamba kupopa mafuta nthawi yomweyo injini ikugwira ntchito. M'mainjini ena opanda mafuta ngati ma stroke awiri, majekeseni amafuta sagwiritsidwa ntchito.
● Kuchokera musefa, mafuta amadutsa mu mpope wa mafuta ndiyeno amadutsa mu chotenthetsera kutentha, kumene amazizira. Mafuta oziziritsidwa amadutsa m'magalasi kupita kumalo osuntha a injini asanabwerere ku sump. Injini ikapangidwa ndi jekeseni, kagawo kakang'ono ka mafuta kamapatutsidwa kwa iyo.
●Mafuta omwe amabadwira mu silinda amasindikiza malo pakati pa khoma la silinda ndi mphete za pistoni. Izi zimalepheretsa mpweya woponderezedwa kuti usathawe kudzera m'mapistoni, zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu ya injini yonse.
▶ Mitundu ya pampu yamafuta ya 1D
Pansipa pali mitundu itatu ya pampu yamafuta yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito:
Pampu yamafuta a rotor
● Mtundu wa rotor wa pampu yamafuta umatchedwanso pampu ya gerotor. Lili ndi zida zamkati zomwe zimatembenukira mkati mwa rotor yakunja. Rotor yamkati imakhala ndi lobe imodzi yocheperako kuposa yakunja, ndipo imakwera pang'ono pakati pa rotor yakunja. Izi zimakakamiza rotor yakunja kuti izungulire pafupifupi 80% ya liwiro la zida zamkati.
●Kupopa kofananako kumapangidwa komwe kumakoka mafuta padoko lolowera ndikukankhira kolowera. Mu mtundu wa rotor wa pampu yamafuta, kulolerana kwapafupi kumafunika kuti pakhale kusalekeza kwabwino. Pompo imayikidwa mu crankcase.
Pampu ya Twin Gear
● Pampu yamagetsi yamapasa imadziwikanso ngati mpope wakunja. Amayikidwa mkati mwa poto yamafuta pansi pa injini. amagwiritsa ntchito zida ziwiri zolumikizirana kuti azipopera mafuta. Shaft imayendetsa giya yoyamba ndipo yachiwiri imayendetsedwa ndi giya yoyamba. Shaft yomwe imayendetsa giya yoyamba nthawi zambiri imalumikizidwa ndi crankshaft, camshaft kapena shaft yogawa.
●Mano a giya amatchera mafuta ndi kuwanyamula mozungulira giya lakunja kuchokera pa chubu cholowera kupita ku potulukira. Pakati pa magiya pamakhala chiwongolero cholimba chomwe chimalepheretsa mafuta kuyenda cham'mbuyo kupita kumalo olowera.
Pampu yamafuta yakutsogolo
● Pampu yamafuta yophimba kutsogolo imadziwikanso ngati mpope wamkati kapena wakunja. Nthawi zambiri imayikidwa kutsogolo kwa chivundikiro cha injini. Ntchito yake ndi yofanana ndi ya mpope ya rotor yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zida zoyendetsa mkati ndi rotor yakunja. Pankhaniyi, galimoto yamkati imayikidwa mwachindunji pa crankshaft.
● Njira yoyendetsera molunjika imathandiza kupewa kufunikira kwa shaft yoyendetsa pampu yosiyana. Pampu imatembenuka pa rpm yomweyo ndi injini. Pachifukwa ichi, kupanikizika kochuluka komwe kumapangidwa mopanda ntchito kuposa pampu ya camshaft kapena yogawa. Mitundu yakutsogolo ya mapampu amafuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamainjini am'mwamba ambiri, komanso amawonedwa mumainjini amtundu wa pushrod mochedwa.
● Cholepheretsa chimodzi cha pampu yamafuta iyi ndikuti mafuta amayenera kuyenda mtunda wotalikirapo kuchokera ku poto kupita ku mpope. Izi zimachepetsa kuthamanga kwa mafuta injini ikazizira ndipo imayamba.
▶Kulephera Kwamba pa Pampu ya Mafuta
Kulephera kwa pampu yamafuta kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa galimoto, makamaka ngati dalaivala samadziwa zizindikiro zake zolephera. Madalaivala amadziwitsidwa pamene vuto limapezeka mu injini, chizindikiro cha kuwala kwa mafuta pa dashboard ya galimoto chimatsegulidwa chomwe chenjezo liri ndi vuto. M'munsimu muli zizindikiro za kulephera kwa pampu ya mafuta:
● Kuthamanga kwa mafuta otsika: pampu yamafuta yolakwika kapena yowonongeka sangathe kupopera mafuta moyenera kudzera mudongosolo. Izi zipangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala ochepa komanso awononge injini. ngakhale pali zizindikiro zingapo za kutsika kwamafuta ochepa zomwe zanenedwa kale pamutuwu.
● Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa injini: mafuta amagwira ntchito ngati choziziritsa mu injini ya galimoto chifukwa amachepetsa kugundana. Injini idzakhala pa kutentha kwabwino pamene pampu ili bwino chifukwa kutuluka kwa mafuta kumakhala kosasintha. Koma, pamene mafuta a injini akuyenda pang'onopang'ono kapena ayima, zigawozo zimapitilizidwa kutenthedwa ndi mafuta otentha omwe saloledwa kuyenda.
● Phokoso: Zonyamula ma hydraulic m'galimoto zimayamba kupanga phokoso ngati sizinatenthedwe bwino. Pamene pampu yamafuta ili bwino ndipo mafuta amayenda bwino izi zimakhala chete. Zonyamula ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri kuti zisinthidwe chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti injini isasowe mafuta.
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