Ndife akatswiri pazigawo za injini zapamwamba kwambiri.
Chilankhulo
Zigawo zamapangidwe a pistoni ya injini ndi mphete ya pistoni, ubale wawo ndi ntchito.
✔ Engine Piston
▶Pistoni ndikuyenda mobwerezabwereza mu silinda block ya injini yamagalimoto.
▶Mapangidwe a piston amatha kugawidwa pamwamba, mutu ndi siketi.
▶Pamwamba pa pisitoni ndiye mbali yayikulu ya chowotchera, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amatengera mtundu wa chowotchera chomwe chasankhidwa.
✔ Tsatanetsatane wa pisitoni
▶Pamwamba pa piston
Pamwamba pa pisitoni ndi gawo la chipinda choyaka moto, choncho nthawi zambiri amapangidwa mosiyanasiyana. Pistoni ya injini ya petulo imatengera pamwamba kapena pamwamba kwambiri, kuti ipangitse chipinda choyatsira moto kukhala chophatikizana, malo ang'onoang'ono oziziritsira kutentha komanso njira yosavuta yopangira.
Ma pistoni apamwamba a convex nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pama injini awiri a petulo. Pamwamba pa pistoni pa injini ya dizilo nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi maenje osiyanasiyana.
▶Mkulu wa piston
Mutu wa pisitoni ndi gawo lomwe lili pamwamba pa mpando wa piston. Mutu wa pisitoni umayikidwa ndi mphete ya pisitoni kuteteza kutentha kwambiri komanso mpweya wothamanga kwambiri kuti usalowe mu crankcase ndikuletsa mafuta kulowa mchipinda choyaka.
Kuchuluka kwa mphete za pistoni kumadalira zofunikira zosindikizira, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi liwiro la injini ndi kuthamanga kwa silinda.
▶ Siketi ya piston
Siketi ya pisitoni yonse ndi gawo la mphete ya pisitoni yomwe ili pansi pa poyambira, yomwe ntchito yake ndikuwongolera pisitoni pakuyenda mobwerezabwereza mu silinda ndi kupirira kukakamiza kumbali.
Injini ili ngati "mtima" wa galimoto, ndipo pisitoni imamveka ngati "pakati" ya injini.
Kuphatikiza pa malo ogwirira ntchito movutikira, imakhalanso yotanganidwa kwambiri mu injini, yomwe imagwira ntchito mobwerezabwereza kuchokera ku BDC kupita ku TDC, kuchokera ku TDC kupita ku TDC, kuyamwa, kuponderezana, kugwira ntchito, kutulutsa mpweya.
Mkati mwa pisitoni muli dzenje, ngati chipewa.
Mabowo ozungulira kumapeto onse awiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi zikhomo za pistoni, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mutu wawung'ono wa ndodo yolumikizira, ndipo mutu waukulu wa ndodo yolumikizira umagwirizanitsidwa ndi crankshaft, kutembenuza kubwereza kwa pistoni kumayendedwe ozungulira. wa crankshaft.
✔Injini Piston mphete
▶ Mphete za pisitoni ndi mphete zachitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikizira pisitoni mkati mwake, zogawika m'mitundu iwiri: mphete zophatikizira ndi mphete zamafuta.
▶ Ntchito zake ndi monga kusindikiza, kuwongolera mafuta (kuwongolera mafuta), kuwongolera kutentha (kutumiza kutentha), kuwongolera (kuthandizira) magawo anayi, ndi mtundu wa mphete zotanuka zachitsulo zomwe zimapindika kwambiri kunja.
Malinga ndi ntchitoyi, mphete ya pistoni imaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri ya mphete yamafuta ndi mphete yamafuta.
Kawirikawiri pali mphete ziwiri za gasi ndi mphete yamafuta. Posonkhanitsa, kutsegula kwa mphete ziwiri za gasi kumafunika kugwedezeka kuti zigwire ntchito yosindikiza.
▶ mphete ya pisitoni - mphete ya gasi
Cholinga cha mphete ya mpweya ndikuwonetsetsa chisindikizo pakati pa pisitoni ndi silinda.
Pewani kutentha kwakukulu ndi mpweya wothamanga kwambiri mu silinda kuti musalowe mu crankcase, komanso kuchititsa kutentha kwakukulu pamwamba pa pisitoni kupita ku khoma la silinda, kenako kuchotsedwa ndi madzi ozizira kapena mpweya.
▶ mphete ya piston - mphete yamafuta
Mphete yamafuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukwapula mafuta ochulukirapo pakhoma la silinda, ndikuveka khoma la silinda ndi filimu yofananira yamafuta, zomwe sizingangoletsa mafuta kuti asawotche mu silinda, komanso kuchepetsa kung'ambika kwa pistoni, pisitoni mphete ndi silinda, ndi kuchepetsa kukana kukangana.
Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a mphete ya pisitoni, chithandizo chapamwamba chomwe amatengera chimakhalanso chosiyana, pomwe kunja kwa mphete yoyamba ya pistoni nthawi zambiri kumathandizidwa ndi chromium plating kapena kupopera kwa molybdenum, makamaka pofuna kukonza mafuta ndi kukonza bwino. kukana kuvala kwa mphete ya pistoni.
Mphete zina za pisitoni nthawi zambiri zimakhala zomata kapena phosphating, makamaka kuti azitha kukana kuvala.
✔Ubale pakati pa pisitoni ndi mphete ya pistoni
Ngati kuyika kosayenera kapena kusindikiza mphete ya pisitoni sikuli bwino, kumapangitsa kuti mafuta pakhoma la silinda apite kuchipinda choyaka ndi kusakaniza kumayaka pamodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta aziyaka.
Ngati chilolezo pakati pa mphete ya pisitoni ndi khoma la silinda ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kapena mphete ya pisitoni yakhazikika mumphepo ya mphete chifukwa cha kuyika kwa kaboni, ndi zina zotero, pisitoni ikamachita kubwereza kubwereza kumtunda ndi pansi, imatha kukanda silindayo. khoma, ndipo patapita nthawi yaitali adzapanga poyambira kwambiri pa yamphamvu khoma, ndiko kuti, chodabwitsa "kukoka yamphamvu".
Khoma la silinda limakhala ndi ma grooves, osasindikiza bwino, zingayambitsenso vuto la kuyaka mafuta.
Chifukwa chake, momwe pisitoni ikugwirira ntchito iyenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi kuti izi zipewe kuchitika pazifukwa ziwirizi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti injini ikuyenda bwino.
Silinda yamoyo ya pistoni ndi vuto wamba, ndipo pang'onopang'ono ndi chifukwa cha kukangana kowuma kukoka tsitsi pamtunda wa pistoni;
Pamene injini limodzi ndi pang'ono kugogoda phokoso, pamwamba pisitoni wapanga zitsulo zosungunula zinthu, ngati si kukonza yake nthawi yake adzaoneka pisitoni ndi yamphamvu chipika chokhoma chodabwitsa.
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