What are the classifications of engine oil?

Classifications of Engine Oil

Engine oil is classified based on its viscosity, additives, and performance levels. The most common classification systems for engine oil are the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) and the American Petroleum Institute (API).

SAE Classification: The viscosity of engine oil is classified using the SAE numbering system. For example, SAE 10W-30 indicates that the oil has a viscosity grade of 10 in cold temperatures and 30 in hot temperatures.

API Classification: The API classification system categorizes engine oils based on their performance levels and applications. The API Service Symbol “Donut” indicates the performance level of the oil, with newer specifications denoted by a starburst symbol.

Differences Between Engine Oil, Coolant, Gear Oil, and Transmission Oil

Engine Oil:

Engine oil is a lubricant designed to reduce friction, clean, and cool the engine components.

It provides lubrication to the moving parts of the engine, preventing wear and friction.

Engine oil also helps in sealing gaps between components to maintain proper compression.

It needs to be changed regularly due to contamination and thermal breakdown.

Coolant:

Coolant, also known as antifreeze, is a liquid that circulates through the engine to regulate the temperature.

It absorbs heat from the engine and dissipates it through the radiator to prevent overheating.

Coolant also prevents corrosion and freezing in the cooling system.

It should be a mixture of water and ethylene glycol for optimal performance.

Gear Oil:

Gear oil is a lubricant designed specifically for manual transmissions, differentials, and transfer cases.

It provides lubrication to the gears and bearings in these systems, reducing wear and friction.

Gear oil has additives to withstand high pressures and temperatures in gearboxes.

It is available in different viscosities depending on the application.

Transmission Oil:

Transmission oil, also known as automatic transmission fluid (ATF), is a specialized fluid for automatic transmissions.

It acts as a hydraulic fluid to operate the transmission, providing lubrication and cooling.

Transmission oil also facilitates smooth gear changes and friction reduction in automatic transmissions.

There are different types of transmission oil based on the transmission design and performance requirements.

Engine oil, coolant, gear oil, and transmission oil are essential fluids in a vehicle, each serving a specific purpose in maintaining the optimal performance and longevity of the engine and drivetrain components. Regular maintenance and proper selection of these fluids are crucial for the efficiency and longevity of the vehicle.

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